Protocols provide rules and functionalities that define how a message is transmitted, ensuring consistency and proper standard across a network. Also, it defines and represents the implementation and access rules of the system. What Is the Purpose of Protocols in…
An oscilloscope is a device that can measure frequencies in either GHz or MHz, depending on your needs. It is a device used by amateur or ham radio operators to measure electric signals from their radios. Many ham radio operators…
In binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), the phase of a carrier is changed according to the digital pulses signal. BPSK modulator is a phase modulator. Here the transmitted signal is a sinusoid of fixed amplitude. It has one fixed phase when…
PWM pulse can be detected using a Ramp generator and some circuit combinations. But how to detect or demodulate a Pulse Width Modulated Signal? The block diagram itself explains all the decoding principles. Waveforms at different sections of Pulse width demodulation are also given here. We…
At colleges, it’s a busy time now as I can see a lot of my friends running around to get their engineering major projects approved (Luckily mine got approved ?). Here at circuitsgallery.com we already have a fine collection of mini-projects on electronics and communication….
This is a very useful and simple circuit diagram for amplifying the weak signals from a capacitive condenser microphone. You can use this circuit for sound sensing applications and some automatic robotic sensors. We have already posted an efficient audio amplifier circuit using 1895 IC. It is…
A Dual Tone Multi-Frequency or DTMF decoder circuit identifies the dial tone from the telephone line and decodes the key pressed on the remote telephone. Here, for the detection of DTMF signaling, we are using the IC MT8870DE. MT8870 is a touch-tone decoder IC. It decodes the input DTMF into…